Symptoms of Recurrent Panic Attacks
A panic attack is defined as a sudden state of intense anxiety and fear that usually lasts between 5 and 20 minutes, although it may be shorter or longer for some individuals. When these attacks recur and the individual fears their repetition, it is usually diagnosed as panic disorder. The symptoms of a panic attack include the following:
- Rapid heartbeat.
- Sweating.
- Hot flashes.
- Chills.
- Trembling, especially in the limbs.
- Dry mouth.
- Shortness of breath, feeling pressure and pain in the chest.
- Stomach cramps.
- Nausea.
- Dizziness and feeling faint.
- Tingling or numbness.
- Feeling detached from reality.
- Feeling threatened and a sense of impending death.
- Fear of losing control over oneself.
Causes of Recurrent Panic Attacks
Experts have not yet identified a direct cause of panic disorder, but certain factors have been found to increase the risk of panic attacks and their recurrence. Here are some of the most important factors:
- A family history of panic attacks or panic disorder.
- Exposure to severe life stress, such as illness or death of a loved one.
- Major life changes, such as divorce or the birth of a child.
- Exposure to trauma, such as abuse or a car accident.
- Smoking or excessive caffeine consumption.
- Experiencing violence during childhood.
Treatment of Panic Attacks
The treatment of panic attacks is similar to that of panic disorder, which involves recurrent panic attacks. The main treatment approaches include:
- Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy aims to change the way the individual thinks about and responds to panic attacks. It also teaches different coping strategies for managing attacks when they occur. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is among the most widely used psychological treatments for panic disorder.
- Medication: The main medication groups used to treat panic disorder and attacks include:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – a class of antidepressants.
- Anticonvulsant drugs.
- Anxiolytic medications.
- Practicing Meditation: Mindfulness meditation helps individuals overcome negative thoughts and feelings by calmly allowing them to pass without reacting. This brings mental calm and relaxation, reducing anxiety related to panic attacks. Don’t forget to download the Tawazon app for comprehensive meditation resources, podcasts, and guided meditations.
